针刺对比卡马西平治疗三叉神经痛的系统评价与序贯分析＊

目的 基于当前针刺对比卡马西平治疗三叉神经痛的随机对照试验（RCT），应用Meta及序贯分析，为针刺对比卡马西平治疗三叉神经痛提供临床决策。方法 对中国生物医学文献数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方资源数据库、维普数据库、Embase、Cochrane library、PubMed、Web of Science及相关临床注册平台（WHO ICTRP、ChiCTR、Clinical Trials）中有关针刺对比卡马西平治疗三叉神经痛的RCT文献进行检索，检索时间截止为2020年4月1日。使用Cochrane协作风险偏倚工具评估偏倚风险，STATA软件对主要结局指标（疼痛降低程度）进行Meta分析，TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta对结局指标进行试验序贯分析，GRADE对证据进行分级，同时详细描述不良反应发生情况。结果 本研究纳入了16篇随机对照试验研究，涉及了1231名参与者。Meta分析显示，针刺与卡马西平在疼痛降低程度方面具有统计学差异[SMD = 1.47；95%CI（0.99；1.95）]，但证据质量为极低质量。按文献发表年份进行累积Meta分析，提示针刺对比卡马西平治疗三叉神经痛初次被证明有统计学差异且较为稳定的时间是在2014年[SMD = 1.84；95%CI（0.22；3.47）]。同时，针刺的不良事件发生数远低于卡马西平。结论 针刺治疗三叉神经痛在镇痛方面优于卡马西平，且较卡马西平更安全。但确切结论仍需要高质量、多中心、大样本的RCT来确认这些发现。     

不同类型原发性三叉神经痛的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨不同类型的责任血管及压迫特点对原发性三叉神经痛手术疗效的影响。方法 回顾性分析2002~2012年微血管减压术治疗的212例原发性三叉神经痛的临床资料。根据术中发现责任血管类型分为动脉压迫（155例）、静脉压迫（24例）和混合压迫（33例），根据术中发现责任血管压迫特点分为接触压迫型（123例）和粘连包裹型（89例）。结果 手术总有效率为95.8%，动脉压迫、静脉压迫和混合压迫有效率分别为98.1%、95.8%和84.8%，接触压迫型和粘连包裹型有效率分别为98.4%和92.1%。结论 微血管减压术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛的有效方法，动静脉混合压迫以及术中粘连包裹可能是影响手术疗效的因素。     

补阳还五汤对大鼠化疗相关外周神经痛的预防作用及其机制

目的观察补阳还五汤对紫杉醇诱导的大鼠外周神经痛的预防作用,并以脊髓大麻素受体为主要靶点,探讨其作用机制。方法将50只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、预防组、AM630组、AM251组,每组10只。除对照组外,其余各组于实验第1,3,5,7天分别腹腔注射紫杉醇2 mg/kg;预防组在建模的同时每天予补阳还五汤2.5 g/(kg·d)灌胃干预14 d;AM630组在预防组的基础上于每天灌胃前予3 mg/kg大麻素Ⅱ型受体(CBR2)阻滞剂AM630腹腔注射;AM251组在预防组的基础上于每天灌胃前予1.5 mg/kg大麻素Ⅰ型受体(CBR1)阻滞剂AM251腹腔注射。每7 d记录1次各组大鼠体质量,并使用von fery纤维丝测试各组大鼠机械缩足阈值(MWT),共观察28 d;实验观察28 d后使用RT-PCR检测各组大鼠脊髓组织中CBR1、CBR2、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的mRNA表达水平。结果实验第7,14,21,28天,各组大鼠体质量增量比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。模型组实验第7,14,21,28天的MWT均显著低于同期对照组(P均<0.05);预防组、AM251组实验第14,21,28天的MWT均显著高于同期模型组(P均<0.05),但AM630组与模型组比较、预防组与AM251组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。模型组CBR2、CBR1、GFAP mRNA表达水平与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA表达水平明显高于对照组(P均<0.05);预防组和AM251组CBR2 mRNA表达水平明显高于模型组(P均<0.05),IL-1β、TNF-αmRNA表达水平均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05);AM630组与模型组比较、预防组与AM251组比较各相关蛋白mRNA表达水平差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论补阳还五汤可以预防紫杉醇诱导的外周神经痛,机制可能与其激活脊髓CBR2,并进一步抑制脊髓IL-1β、TNF-α等炎症细胞因子的表达有关。     

Life-threatening complications after microvascular decompression procedure: Lessons from a consecutive series of 596 patients

The microvascular decompression procedure (MVD) is widely utilized on patients with neurovascular compression syndromes, such as trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, which have failed medical therapy. However, surgical complications are an ongoing problem. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 596 patients undergoing MVD in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2008 to December 2018. Furthermore, we discussed the cases with life-threatening complications to determine the potential causes, aiming to achieve the goal of safer microvascular decompression. There were seven cases with life-threatening complications. Of those complications, one was cerebellar infarction with acute hydrocephalus, one was infarction of the cerebellum and the brain stem with acute hydrocephalus and serious intracranial infection, two were cerebellar haematoma, one was multiple haemorrhage with acute hydrocephalus, one was supratentorial subdural haematoma, and one was cerebellar swelling with acute hydrocephalus. After therapy, one patient died, one was in a persistent vegetative state, and five were discharged from the hospital upon recovery. In brief, MVD is a safe operation, and life-threatening complications accompanying MVD are rare, but require attention. The causes of some life-threatening complications are still not completely clear. Surgeons should continuously improve surgical techniques and perioperative care to reduce potential risks.     

临床药师参与1例三叉神经痛治疗的体会

临床药师参与了1例三叉神经痛患者的治疗。通过开展疼痛评估、药学监护,利用药学专业知识提供合理化用药建议和用药指导,并规范了镇痛药物的应用,提高了患者用药的依从性和安全性。     

Relationships of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity and persistence of VZV DNA in saliva and the development of postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster

There are no surrogate markers for the development of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in patients with herpes zoster (HZ). All patients with HZ were prospectively enrolled to evaluate the associations of saliva varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA persistence and VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with the development of PHN. Slow clearers were defined if salivary VZV DNA persisted after day 15. Salivary VZV was detected in 60 (85.7%) of a total of 70 patients with HZ on initial presentation. Of 38 patients for whom follow-up saliva samples were available, 26 (68.4%) were classified as rapid clearers and 12 (31.6%) as slow cleares. Initial VZV-specific CMI was lower in slow clearers than rapid clearers (median 45 vs 158 spot forming cells/10 ⁶ cells, P = .02). Of the 70 patients with HZ, 22 (31.4%) eventually developed PHN. Multivariate analysis showed that slow clearers (OR, 15.7, P = .01) and lower initial VZV-specific CMI (OR, 13.8, P = .04) were independent predictors of the development of PHN, after adjustment for age and immunocompromised status. Initial low VZV CMI response and persistence of VZV DNA in saliva may be associated with the development of PHN.     

三叉神经根慢性压迫损伤对三叉神经节细胞髓鞘碱性蛋白及P75表达的影响

目的 探讨三叉神经节中卫星胶质细胞与神经元相互作用对三叉神经痛（TN）的影响。 方法 在SD大鼠假手术组（n=24）和三叉神经根慢性压迫诱导的TN大鼠模型组（n=24）中,运用免疫荧光和Western blotting方法,研究髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）及P75神经营养因子受体（P75NTR）在三叉神经节中的表达情况。 结果 TN模型组P75NTR 表达较假手术组增高,术后第7天和第14 天的表达增高有统计学意义（P<0.01）;MBP在TN模型组的表达较假手术组均降低,特别在第7和14天的表达降低有统计学意义（P<0.05）;卫星胶质细胞标志物GFAP在TN模型组术后第7、14和21天表达增高（P<0.01）。 结论 大鼠三叉神经根区慢性压迫损伤引起三叉神经节神经元MBP和P75NTR 表达改变和卫星胶质细胞的活化,可能影响神经元-卫星胶质细胞的相互作用,参与TN大鼠口面部周围伤害性信息向中枢的传递。     

化疗引起的神经痛治疗靶点温度选择性TRP通道的研究进展

作为钙离子渗透性的瞬时受体电位(TRP),5种通道(TRPV1~4和TRPM2)被不同的高温激活,两种通道(TRPV1和TRPV8)被低温激活。越来越多的证据表明,TRPA1和TRPM8拮抗剂可预防顺铂、奥沙利铂和紫杉醇诱导的线粒体氧化应激、炎症、冷痛和痛觉过敏。TRPV1在顺铂引起的感觉神经元热痛觉和机械异常中有应答。TRPA1、TRPM8和TRPV2蛋白表达水平主要通过这些治疗方法在背根(DRG)和三叉神经节中增加。主要总结了5种温度调节TRP通道(TRPA1、TRPM8、TRPV1、TRPV2和TRPV4)。